Exceptions in C++

From the C++ cheat sheet · Exceptions · verified Jul 2026

throw, try/catch, and noexcept.

cpp

// Quick Reference
try {
    throw std::runtime_error("boom");
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
    std::cerr << e.what();
}

💡 Catch by const reference (const std::exception&) to avoid slicing and copies.

⚡ Order catch blocks most-derived first - a base std::exception catch would shadow the rest.

📌 Derive custom exceptions from std::exception so generic handlers can catch them.

🟢 RAII makes exceptions safe - resources release during stack unwinding automatically.

exceptionserror-handling