Environment Variables in Node.js
From the Express.js cheat sheet · Configuration · verified Jul 2026
Environment Variables
Manage configuration and secrets using environment variables
javascript
// Load environment variables
require('dotenv').config();
// Access variables
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
const DB_URL = process.env.DATABASE_URL;
const JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET;
// Check required variables
const requiredEnvVars = ['DATABASE_URL', 'JWT_SECRET'];
requiredEnvVars.forEach(varName => {
if (!process.env[varName]) {
console.error(`Missing required environment variable: ${varName}`);
process.exit(1);
}
});
// Start server
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`);
console.log(`Environment: ${process.env.NODE_ENV}`);
});💡 Never commit .env files to version control
🔒 Use different secrets for each environment
✅ Validate environment variables on startup
⚡ Use dotenv for local development