Common Data Types in PostgreSQL

-- Numeric types
INTEGER              -- 4-byte integer
BIGINT               -- 8-byte integer  
SERIAL               -- Auto-incrementing integer
NUMERIC(10,2)        -- Exact decimal
REAL / FLOAT         -- Floating point

-- String types
VARCHAR(255)         -- Variable length
TEXT                 -- Unlimited length
CHAR(10)            -- Fixed length

-- Date/Time types
DATE                -- Date only
TIME                -- Time only
TIMESTAMP           -- Date and time
TIMESTAMPTZ         -- With timezone
INTERVAL            -- Time duration

-- Boolean
BOOLEAN             -- TRUE/FALSE/NULL

-- DETAILED_TAB:
-- Type casting examples
SELECT 
  '123'::INTEGER,                    -- Cast to integer
  '2024-01-01'::DATE,               -- Cast to date
  1::BOOLEAN,                        -- 1 becomes TRUE
  CAST('123.45' AS NUMERIC),        -- SQL standard casting
  '1 hour 30 minutes'::INTERVAL     -- Interval type