Structs & Methods in Rust

From the Rust cheat sheet · Structs & Enums · verified Jul 2026

Structs & Methods

Define structs and attach methods with impl blocks.

rust

#[derive(Debug)]
struct User {
    name: String,
    age: u32,
    active: bool,
}

impl User {
    // Associated function (constructor)
    fn new(name: &str, age: u32) -> Self {
        Self { name: name.to_string(), age, active: true }
    }

    // Method (takes &self)
    fn is_adult(&self) -> bool {
        self.age >= 18
    }
}

let user = User::new("Alice", 30);
println!("{:?}", user);

💡 &self borrows, &mut self borrows mutably, self takes ownership — pick the least powerful one

⚡ Self is an alias for the struct type inside impl blocks — use it in constructors

📌 Struct update syntax (..other) moves fields from other — clone first if you still need it

🟢 Convention: use new() as the constructor name, like User::new()

structsmethodsimpl

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